There are many more millions of living organisms below the soil than above it and only now are we beginning to understand how intensive agriculture and the widespread use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has killed many of these vital soil organisms. By releasing the soils nutrient pools, these practices have resulted in higher short-term yields. In the long term they have seriously depleted our most important base resource the soil. This extractive nutrient harvesting is not sustainable and history shows us how civilization after civilization has collapsed when they have completed exploited and exhausted their soils. As food security becomes a looming global issue, nutritious food grown in ways that build and maintain healthy, mineral-rich soils is a pressing imperative for the future wellbeing of our population. Biological farming promises an economically and environmentally viable alternative. By remineralising and balancing the microbes in the soil, the microbes are able to build soil health and deliver nutrients effectively to the plant. The microbes in biological fertilisers work symbiotically in collaborative populations, feeding off each other in dynamic, self-perpetuating cycles that work to fix particular problems with the soil or plant. There are specific microbes which capture energy, carbon, phosphorous or other essential elements that make an immediate and cumulative difference to plant and soil health. Added to the soil biological fertilizers go on working in creative living systems that can dramatically reduce chemical inputs, increase carbon and moisture levels in the soil and build soils that are healthier, wealthier and more sustainably productive.